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Obama's Orwellianism

Back to politics. The Obama Administration has apparently decided to drop the term "War on Terror." They are not however dropping the actual policies, they are simply now calling it the "Overseas Contingency Operation."

This is far too Orwellian for me! What is next Mr. President? "Oceania has always been at war with Eastasia"? Or "All animals are created equal. But some animals are more equal than others."

Although I am still glad Obama is our President and not McCain or Bush, I think Paul Krugman nailed the guy in his Op-ed column on March 28, 2008:

"Mr. Obama is widely portrayed, not least by himself, as a transformational figure who will usher in a new era. But his actual policy proposals, though liberal, tend to be cautious and relatively orthodox."

I've seen nothing so far to cast doubt on Krugman's claims, and much to fortify it.

"The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. . . . Newspeak was designed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought, and this purpose was indirectly assited by cutting the choice of worlds down to a minimum. . . . A Party member called upon to make a political or ethical judgment should be able to spray forth the correct opinions as automatically as a machine gun spraying forth bullets" (Orwell, 1984).

Honest To God

Honest to God by John A.T. Robinson

J. A. T. Robison's 1963 best seller is a real gem. The finest book about rethinking God and the Christian faith I've ever had the privilege to read.

Robinson's points are very simple: we must abandon the frankly unbelievable concept of a God "Out there," a supernatural person who is nothing more than a version of us writ large. Such a God is clearly no more than a psychological projection on our part. But this does NOT mean that we must abandon God.

Robinson asks us to conceive of God as “the ground of being”. God, for Robinson, is reality at its ultimate depth. The infinite power that brings all into being, and holds together all things. I have posted on this view of God before and need not say more about it here. Robinson's finest point, however, is how we experience the divine. The reality of God, Robinson claims, is experienced primarily when we love and are loved. In Robinson's own words;

"To assert that 'God is love’ is to believe that in love one comes into touch with the most fundamental reality in the universe, that Being itself ultimately has this character." (53).

None of this is original to Robinson. The idea that God is not an "old man in the sky," but the infinite reality present everywhere has been voiced by many theologians and philosophers. But Robinson clarifies and explains the concept with a force that these others do not.

Also interesting is Robinson's account of Jesus. Because he rejects all supernaturalism (he rejects naturalism as well), he cannot think of Jesus as essentially God in human form. The traditional idea of Jesus as a divine being with divine powers will not work for Robinson:

"the traditional supranaturalistic [point of view:]... suggests that Jesus was really God almighty walking about on earth, dressed up as a man.... He looked like a man, he talked like a man, he felt like a man, but underneath he was God." (66).

On this view Jesus becomes, Robinson tells us, a prince disguised as a beggar; the view must be rejected. Robinson's alternative is to remind us that love is the key to the divine ground of being, and that Jesus was the "man for others" who lived that love. In his embracing the outcasts, condemning the power structures that oppress and exploit, healing the sick, and declaring that all people should love and forgive each other as equal children of God, Jesus shows us the divine. Jesus is, for Robinson, the decisive revelation of God in a human life. And this means that existentially an encounter with Jesus is an encounter with God.

Jesus, for Robinson is not different than us in kind, but only in degree. Jesus is fully human, totally one of us, yet he shows us God like no one else. This view has become increasingly popular among mainline clergy since 1963. Essentially it sees Jesus as a paradigm for us, a man so in touch with the divine ground and depth of his being that he makes that ground and depth accessible to others.

Robinson also has fascinating chapters on prayer and on ethics, and a marvelous account of "worldly holiness" as opposed to "leaving the world." If you managed to get ahold of the 40th anniversary edition, the two essays about the book in the appendix are fine reads as well.

A great book, and I recommend it to anyone searching and questioning their spiritual life.

View all my reviews.

A note about Prayer

To continue blogging on this panentheism theme, I want to say something about prayer. Many panentheists hold, for various reasons, that God does not answer our petitions. In other words, if I pray to God to help my team win the big game, or my sick dog to get better, God is not the kind of entity that will intervene to answer that prayer.

Let us not concern ourselves here with why some panentheists deny the efficacy of petitionary prayer. Let us just grant for the moment their contention that such prayers cannot be answered.

I often teach panentheism in my intro to philosophy courses, and bring up this denial of petitionary prayer. Inevitably concerns are expressed about this fact. It seems that our modern culture has reduced prayer to the petitionary variety - prayer = asking God for things.

But there are other kinds of prayer that a panentheist would not only accept, but celebrate. There are prayers of adoration, in which the glory of the divine is celebrated, prayers of thanksgiving, in which we express gratitude for the world and our blessings, and contemplative prayer in which we recognize our unity with the divine.

In short, one can have a very rich prayer life without petitionary prayer. In fact, petitionary prayer should probably be thought of as prayer at its most shallow.

Geithner-Krugman Feud Comes To A Head On Sunday Shows

Excellent summary and video of Krugman and Geithner at The Huffington Post today.

Everyone should Read the Article at HuffingtonPost and see these two video clips. It is now very clear that Krugman must be listened to, and that Geithner - as Krugman has stressed - is too much of a Wall Street insider to "get it."

Be afraid, be very Afraid!

Panentheism: The Beyond in our midst

One of my readers, responding to a previous post, asked if the view of God I am advocating is pantheism or panentheism. This terminology can be confusing, but I managed to find a video that clearly distinguishes panentheism both from classical theism and pantheism:



My position is panentheism and not pantheism. I hope the video makes that position a little more clear.

Einstein and Spinoza on God: addition to the prior post

To give the prior post a metaphysical foundation, here is Spinoza's conception of God as explained by Anthony Quinton:






And here is Einstein's view of God as explained by one of his leading biographer's:

Thoughts on God: Two Views of Deity

I'm going to shift away from my normal discourse of Ethics and Politics to focus a bit on God.

Public discourse usually assumes that the definition of God is univocal, that there is a standard set concept we all agree on. This is not remotely true, there are various conceptions of the divine. I here want to take a look at two which are dominant.

For many years now, I have rejected traditional theism. I do not believe that the universe is the artifact of a separate and supernatural "person-like" being. I do not believe in the Lawgiver, Judge, and King of popular religion. I think such a being is too easily explained as a psychological projection, is difficult to square with unanswered prayers, and not easily compatible with modern science.

Nevertheless I do believe in God. Fundamentally, I think of God as reality at its ultimate level, "the ground of being," or even reality as a whole - that which is eternal, infinite, and immanent in all things. It seems to me we have good scientific and philosophical reasons to hold that reality is, at its deepest level, absolutely unlimited; that is, eternal and infinite. This corresponds well to the ontological description of God in the western philosophical tradition.

I would furthermore say that reality as a whole, since it is the ground of our being, and source of our life, is the object of our ultimate concern. The knowledge and love of reality at its highest level is our greatest good, inspiring reverence, awe, devotion, and a sense of mystical union. This is, in the western tradition, the existential description of God.

In the following clip Marcus Borg and John Dominic Crossan explain how one can emphatically reject conventional theism, but maintain a robust belief in God:



Even though my own views are very near Borg's and Crossan's, I am not here writing to defend it, nor to attack the more conventional views. I Merely intend to note that there is more than one understanding of what "God" is.

Peter Singer on Charlie Rose

For the full 14min interview go here:

Charlie Rose interviews Peter Singer

Singer holds the position that simply refraining from doing what is wrong is insufficient for morality, one must also - and perhaps more importantly - actively do right. Singer, in my opinion, is too extreme about what this asks of us, but I can agree with the heart of the Sentiment.

The French show us how to protest right!

Freedom and the Ghetto

Contemporary American society is rather quick to drop the word "freedom." We value freedom, cling to freedom, fight and die for freedom. What is seldom - if ever - asked is what this "freedom" is? Freedom from what? Freedom to what?

How do we get this freedom? What does freedom entail? How can freedom be attained? What kind of society is necessary to promote and protect freedom?

Of Particular interest to me is this: Take a child raised in a ghetto, a slum. Is he free in any meaningful sense? Sure, if he is incredibly talented and very lucky he may transcend his environment, overcome his struggles. But what are the odds?

Raised in a broken family, taught crime from an early age, living in a society where only drug dealers have the money to eat, where violence is an everyday norm, jobs are practically non-existent, and your home is a run down slum, can you really be free? Can you blame someone from such a place for being angry and desperate, uneducated and severely limited in opportunities?

My heart goes out to those who are forced to live in such awful conditions. And unless and until we recognize the systemic problems that have created these ghettos, we cannot hope to help the situation. It will simply not do to treat people coming from these areas as capable of "pulling themselves up by their own bootstraps," and overcoming their environment.

I recently discovered a blog called Ghetto America that largely takes a look at images of these urban slums. It is worth looking into it.

This sight reminded me of Elvis' song, "In the Ghetto," which I post here:



The 17th century Philosopher Baruch Spinoza declared that "The highest activity a human being can attain is learning for understanding, because to understand is to be free." But how difficult must it be for those raised in these dire circumstances to be allowed to understand enough to be truly free.

The Vagina Monologues at Marquette

The other night my fiance and I took in The Vagina Monologues at Marquette. Well, sort of at Marquette, I don't think it was officially sanctioned by the school and I'm not sure it was actually on campus grounds.

It was the first time I had seen the play (though I had seen a couple scenes acted out and heard about some others). I have to say first that it was hit. Well acted, alternately funny (Ms. Ali Fagnan acted out a monologue that had me laughing so hard my face literraly hurt), horrifying, deep, and thought provoking.

The basic premise of the play, as I understood it, is that women are alienated from their own femaleness. Patriarchal culture forces women to see themselves as the other, as the "second sex."

The symbol of the vagina is used quite nicely to this effect. A common theme in the monologues is that women find their vaginas ugly or disturbing and are called upon to see it instead as something beautiful and essential to who they are. In other words, their femaleness is not something to fear and loathe, but to embrace and celebrate.

The standard criticism of The Vagina Monologues is that it is vulgar and reduces women to their "sexual parts." Nothing could be further from the truth. The play is about empowering women to claim their femaleness as something powerful, and the language is intended to subvert hostile actions and intentions against women.

Finally, in keeping with a long tradition of performing the monologues to increase awareness of violence against women, this version of the play donated all the proceeds to pay for two surgeries to repair vaginal fistulas.

The play's candid look at violence (both physical and psychological) is probably the most remarkable and startling feature of it.

Keith is mad as hell and he has had ENOUGH

Olbmermann slams Corporate Villians!

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Empowerment or Exploitation?

Lately I've been pondering the rise of explicit sexuality in our culture over the last 15-20 years. In particular, things like stripping and porn have become somewhat mainstream; take for instance cardio striptease classes.

Many claim that this is empowering for women, that they are expressing their sexuality. I'm doubtful. In a recent book, Female Chauvinist Pigs, journalist Ariel Levy, proclaims that there is something profoundly un-liberating about this phenomenon.

Her central thesis is that today's "raunch culture" is not an encouragement of personal sexual expression and healthy sexual appetite, but a highly commercialized and mass produced "commodity" that strips us and our sex lives of all particularity and fulfillment.

There is some video of Levy discussing this claim.

Here is Levy on the "Girls Gone Wild" phenomena:



and here she is on Playboy:



I think she raises some fascinating questions. And I wonder, when is it healthy sexual expression and empowerment, and when is it exploitation? How can we establish a clear criteria? Can we? Should we?

Saint Patrick's Day

Saint Patrick's day as we know it is a uniquely American phenomenon. We have created a holiday in which everyone wears green, drinks themselves into a stupor, and brags that they are 1/16 Irish.

The real holiday, it seems to me, is a commemoration of a passionate and dedicated man, St. Patrick, and a unique and marvelous People, the Irish.

Irish Christianity is quite unique and I've always found it rather appealing, as is Irish culture generally

More importantly, St. Patrick's day is the celebration of Ireland's Patron saint, Patrick.

Not much is known about St. Patrick. But he did write a book, The Confessions, which I find splendid reading. In it Patrick explains his own experience as a slave in Ireland. He was not originally from Ireland, but only went there as a slave. Eventually he escaped, years later returning to Ireland as a bishop. Apparently the motivation for his return was, in part, to transform Ireland into a land of freedom.

St. Patrick, almost uniquely before the 19th century, opposed all slavery. Having been a slave himself, St. Patrick could not stomach this awful institution. He also had, for his time, unusually egalitarian views about women.

Check out this fascinating piece from Slate about the life and passion of Saint Patrick.

This video from the History Channel in 2007 is a fine introduction to the history and meaning of the Holiday



So instead of drinking ourselves into a coma, or glibly pretending to be Irish, let us remember Saint Patrick's passion for a world in which slavery is ended, and people live together in peace. Let us equally remember the pursuit of freedom that marks the Irish people as a whole, and then perhaps we can finally really be proud of that 1/16 of us that is Irish.

The First Paul: Reclaiming the Radical Visionary Behind the Church's Conservative Icon

The First Paul: Reclaiming the Radical Visionary Behind the Church's Conservative Icon by Marcus J. Borg

I always enjoy reading Borg and Crossan. This book is every bit the joy to read that their previous works have been. Scholarly but highly readable, clear, concise, and very informative.

The essential point of the book is that Paul has been misread by nearly everyone. Paul is typically read as ordering wives to submit to their husbands, condemning gays, and as offering up the Christian faith as a set of doctrines which are dogmatically asserted to be "beyond dispute." Religious conservatives read Paul this way and rejoice, religious liberals read Paul this way and recoil.

The Problem is, as Borg and Crossan see it, that this is just not Paul. To begin with, although there are 14 letters in the New Testament attributed to Paul, there is a a massive scholarly consensus that Paul surely did not write at least 4 of these, and probably only wrote 7 of the letters attributed to him. If this claim is accepted, and there is good reason to accept it, then the passages in Paul commanding slaves to obey their masters and wives their husbands vanish from the authentic Paul's writings (although even in the 7 "authentic letters" Paul still condemns homosexuality).

Borg and Crossan claim that those later "Pseudo-Pauline" letters contain passages deliberately created to subvert the real Paul's message, which was radically egalitarian - seeing all people regardless of gender, social status, etc as fundamentally equal in Christ and before God. There are numerous passages that support this reading of Paul. From his comments about inclusion regarding celebration of the Eucharist, to his constant references to and praise of female "co-workers and Apostles."

Most famously however is Paul's ecstatic assertion in Galatians (also repeated in Romans) that "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus" (3:28). Add to this exclamation Paul’s request to Philemon (in the letter of that name) that he free his runaway slave Onesimus and accept him as an equal "brother," and you have Borg and Crossan's case for a "radically egalitarian" Paul. It is compelling.

Despite my admiration for their book, I have some criticism of Borg and Crossan. They downplay those passages - present frequently even in in the letters they accept as authentic - in which Paul stresses God's judgment, wrath, and exclusion of "the unrighteous." Presumably they are uncomfortable with this; so am I. But those passages display a genuine aspect of Paul's thought and they must be dealt with.

Likewise, though they correctly argue that Paul opposed the Lordship of Jesus to that of Caesar and thereby explicitly rejected Roman social norms and Imperialism, Borg and Crossan fail to adequately deal with the obvious fact that Paul had no real program for social reform. Since Paul thought Christ would very soon return to earth to establish the Utopian Kingdom of God what need was there for practical reform? Borg and Crossan recognize that Paul believed in Jesus' imminent return, but seem to brush it off as peripheral. That is problematic. Of course Paul's thought can still be made to yield a real platform for social reform, but that is a task for those of us reading Paul; Paul himself did not engage in it.

When all is said and done, however, Borg and Crossan have accomplished their task. Anyone who reads their book cannot help but come away from it with a great appreciation of Paul. Paul was not the conservative enforcer of religious dogma and hierarchy, but a radical egalitarian, whose vision was one of everlasting peace, with all people equal before, and one with, the God in whom “we live, and move, and have our being” (Acts 17: 28a).

View all my reviews.

Manny Ramirez and the Recession

Manny Ramirez is a great hitter. And I mean it GREAT his numbers are stellar. Just check out his career totals: 507 doubles, 527 homeruns, a .314 career avg. and a .411 career on base percentage. These are not only hall of fame numbers but SUPER hall of fame numbers!

It's no surprise then that the Dodgers are paying Ramirez 45 million over the next two seasons.

The problem here is not simply that Ramirez knew he could get that much and demanded it. Just look at his numbers as a Dodger last year, we all knew he'd get that much.

The problem is how much we pay Baseball players. In short the problem is us, and not Ramirez.

We are fine with paying Manny Ramirez 22.5 million a year (in fairness, lunatic radio personality Rush Limbaugh makes even more than that at 38 million a year) but our unemployment rate is soaring. Not only that, but look at the Salary of an average teacher!

Don't get me wrong, I love Baseball. It is for me "the game of games." But something has gone terribly wrong when we value entertainment to the point that Manny Ramirez can make 22.5 million a year.

We are faced now with the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, perhaps it is high time we as society rethought our priorities.

Note: By the way, The Netherlands beat the Dominican Republic twice this last week in the World Baseball Classic! Now that's an underdog! Go Holland!

It's official: recession has become depression.

Remember the tent cities of The Great Depression? Remember the dire conditions of the Joads in The Grapes of Wrath?

Just watch the video: it apears we are there again:



Is the answer still tax breaks and less government my Republican friends?

Shame on all those who brought it to this!

Ladainian Tomlinson to stay with the Chargers.

This is off topic for my blog: but I'm a die-hard Chargers fan.

I have been worried about my San Diego teams. Both the Padres and the Chargers have seemed headed in bad directions.

The Padres after all let go of Trevor Hoffman, which disappointed me until I learned that Hoffman signed with The Brewers. Since I now live in Milwaukee - that works for me!

But on that note: the Chargers were seriously thinking of parting ways with L. T. But this just in: Tomlinson is remaining a Charger!

I've hated the direction my Padres have gone, just look at the attemps to deal Cy-young winner Jake Peavy! But the Chargers, at least, seem like they still want to win.

It's good to know L. T. is not leaving the Bolts! I could have only accepted that were he traded to Green Bay - as it would bring him here.

He's not what he once was, but he still is L. T. And besides the man is taking a pay cut to stay with his team and his fans. Classy. And increasingly rare these days.

Just thought I'd share my joy!!!!!!! This is good news for us native San Diegans and Chargers fans everywhere!!!!

Abortion: An ethically challenging case.

As many of you probably know the mother of a nine year old girl who had an abortion, and the doctor who performed the abortion, were excommunicated by the Archbishop of Brazil. This excommunication is fully supported by the Vatican.

The girl was impregnated by her stepfather who raped her. Because of her age no one suspected she was pregnant until she was four months along and started to become very ill.

The considered medical opinion was (a) pregnancy would be too much for a nine year old and (b) her hips were too underdeveloped to allow for her safety if she were to give birth (the church's position is that she could have had a Cesarean section, but that would be very dangerous also on a nine year old).

I will not ask the question of whether the Catholic Church should have excommunicated the mother and the doctor in this case. That is a theological and moral issue for the Church to work out. I am not a Catholic and therefore shall here have nothing to say about it.

But I do want to ask about the broader ethical issues involved. I hold a pretty standard liberal position on abortion. I do not think that a fetus - at least not during the first 6 months - is a person and therefore I do not believe abortion before the third trimester (after is another matter) is murder. I therefore support the legal option of abortion during the first two trimesters.

Despite this, a part of me agrees with the pro-life stance. I am not comfortable with abortions and agree that the fewer there are the better. And I completely understand where those who are pro-life are coming from and respect their position.

It seems to me, however, that in the case of this nine year old girl we have strong ethical reasons to support the option of abortion. First, this girl would have to deal with being a mother at nine. Second, she had been raped by her stepfather - that is a lot of trauma for her to deal with. Third, there was good medical reason to believe that her health - and probably the health of the babies (she was carrying twins) was in grave danger.

Can we ethically maintain that a nine year old victim of rape and incest be forced to carry twins to term and then deliver them, when the process would possibly be fatal and/or crippling to her?

I suppose much of this turns on the question of whether the four month old twins are persons. According to our best science the Cerebral cortex is not sufficiently developed to support consciousness and distinctly human thinking until the sixth or seventh month. If, therefore science is our guide, we must say that these twins are not persons.

However, the twins are potential persons, and in a strong and non-trivial sense. These twins have unique genetic codes and are developing into actual persons quite rapidly and will be persons quite soon. Nevertheless, I think it quite reasonable to hold that the rights of an actual person outweigh those of a potential person, and that therefore the real dangers to the nine year old mother take precedence in this case.

The remaining possibility of course is the position the Catholic church takes: The soul and body are fused by God at conception, so it is against God's law to take the life a fetus at any time for any reason.

I do not believe this view myself. In fact, I don't accept the traditional account of the soul. But never mind that. If we do not take this position, what grounds then do we have for saying that this abortion was unethical? On the other hand, if we do take the Catholic Position, do we have any grounds for saying the abortion is ethical? In other words, could one consistently maintain that soul and body are infused at conception but that nonetheless in extreme cases - like this one - abortions are, though regrettable, permissible?

Bedtime for Bonzo: The Gipper failed

For those out here who still think deregulation and tax cuts can help us out of the current economic crisis: Rachel Maddow gives us a history lesson about the failures of over privatization and too little regulation:

Visit msnbc.com for Breaking News, World News, and News about the Economy

Remember this simple Tidbit: the goal of private enterprise is solely to maximize profit. The goal of public services is the common good. Public services don't always serve the common good, but private enterprise seldom does so, and when it does so serve it is accidentally.

Free Credit Report: How The Ads Soak Consumers

Read the Article at HuffingtonPost

This article about the Fraudulent "Free Credit report." Should be necessary reading for every consumer. I am myself a victim of this company, and had to file several fraud alerts with my bank to erase their monthly charges.

In fact to finally stop them I had to change my debit card number.

Remember my fellow consumers no company has your interest at heart. Every one of them has one concern: The bottom line. And they will lie, cheat, and fraud you any chance they get.

Be careful out there, and don't use Free Credit Report.

The time is ripe for real health care reform

Barack Obama is today holding a massive conference on Health Care reform. Here are his opening remarks:



Coinciding with this, the White house has launched a new website focused on health care reform. I posted a story on this website for Huliq today.

Obama has said the right things. He said that Health care reform is not only a moral but also a fiscal imperative which requires immediate action. But already the powerful special interests that crushed the Clintons' attempt at health care reform are in attack mode.

We can't let these special interests defeat health care reform again. Look at it his way, France, Germany, England, Italy, Spain, Australia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, The Netherlands, Israel, Ireland and others all have universal nationally funded and regulated health care.

None of these countries have transformed into Stalinist regimes, none of them have lost basic democratic freedoms, none of them have fallen to 3rd world status. Furthermore, everyone of these countries has a longer median life expectancy, a lower infant morality rate, less diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and stroke, than the united States. And in all these places everyone is provided basic care!

Finally, the United States spends far more per capita and far more of its GDP on health care costs, largely because of the fact that its privatized system denies basic coverage to 46.5 million Americans, and leaves many others under covered. Basically the problem is, lack of necessary screenings and other preventative care.

And it's not hard to see why this is so. The goal of private enterprise is profit. If I'm an unregulated or minimally regulated health insurance company, the most effective way to make a profit is to charge premiums and deductibles at the highest cost I can, and cover as little as possible. This is why there is, for all health insurance companies, a massive list of preexisting conditions that will not be covered.

So no more lame defenses of free-market health insurance please. The data speaks for itself. We need reform and we need it now.

We can not let the insurance industry and its lobbyists crush health care reform any longer; it is time to crush them.

AljazeeraEnglish presents Focus on Gaza

Aljazeera takes us into Gaza to see the destruction and pain. The program is called Focus on Gaza

Watch it and judge for yourselves what justice demands of us:

Kate Winslet struggling with her role in "The Reader"

In the Following clip from her interview with Charlie Rose, Kate Winslet explains the difficulty of playing Hanna in The Reader.

This clip should help convey something of the complexity and depth of the story:

The Reader

The Reader by Bernhard Schlink

My review

rating: 5 of 5 stars

Bernhard Schlink's The Reader is a truly remarkable book. Without giving too much away, the novel presents a story of love, loss, guilt and atonement that is an allegory for Post WWII Germans' struggles with Germany's Nazi past.

How do you deal with the fact that you loved and learned from those who participated in something of great evil? How can you adapt yourself to a heritage of genocide and destruction? Are you guilty because you find yourself loving the perpetrators of heinous crimes? Can you, ought you, be able to forgive such criminals? These are the haunting questions of The Reader

The most intriguing and thought provoking aspect of the book is its ambiguity. We are left unclear about the motives and reflections of the character of Hanna, and not entirely sure about the moral status of the main character and narrator Michael Berg.

The Illiteracy of Hanna is used to powerfully convey how someone without the ability to read simply does not live and operate in the world the rest of us take for granted. It is chilling.

To read this book is to enter a world of uncertainty, confusion, and moral indecisiveness. It is disturbing and difficult; it will make you think a great deal.

Finally the prose style is rich and rewarding. Very polished and deeply engaging. Of course it was originally written in German and I read the translation in English, so I can't speak for the German prose.

I recently saw the film The Reader as well. The film is very faithful to the text, with appropriate adaptations and omissions. The acting, particularly Kate Winslet, is both powerful and passionate.

This story makes you rethink human nature and your moral convictions from top to bottom. I highly recommend the novel and the film.

View all my reviews.

Remember Dr. Seuss

Today is the Birthday of Dr. Seuss. Many of us learned to read with his books. Even more importantly many of us learned the absurdities of racism, materialism, and greed through his stories.

Dr. Seuss - like all of us - was not without his flaws (his depiction of and comments about the Japanese during WWII is a notorious example). But so many of us have learned so much from him, we will do well to remember the man.

In honor of this man I thought I should put up a video here of what I take to be his finest tale: The Lorax.

Guest Post: Obama Sets Iraqi Troops Withdrawal Timeline

The Following is a guest post:

President Obama recently announced his proposed withdrawal date from Iraq of August 31, 2010. All but about 35,000 to 50,000 troops would be set home to the US, while the others remain for counter-terrorism and other security purposes until 2011.

Critics object that the number of Iraqi troops set to return home is not high enough. But I think they fail to appreciate that the US needs a military, ground presence to prevent a coup d’état. After all, we created this chaos in Iraq, and now we must do our best to tidy up. And that may mean leaving some troops in Iraq, which is still a drastic improvement over the current situation.

Not everyone disagrees with Obama's Iraqi withdrawal plan. An unlikely supporter seems to believe that Obama is acting appropriately. According to the AP, "Arizona Sen. John McCain, who sparred with Obama on the merits of a timetable for the war in a bid for the presidency: said Obama's plan 'is one that can keep us on the right path in Iraq.'" This is surprising because McCain practically implied that Obama was an unfit leader. Nevertheless, I couldn't agree more with McCain on this issue.

Over 4,000 men and women have died in Iraq. War is a terrible proposition that does not usually end on a happy note. But at least this war is winding down after almost six years in Iraq. Now it is time to follow President Obama's plan and send our troops home for good.

Bryan Wisotsky, Storybook Vacations

Obama's Health Care Budget

Check out my piece defending Obama's health care plan at Huliq News:

http://www.huliq.com/3478/77873/defending-obamas-health-care-budget

The good news is that the President has taken a good first step toward real health care reform. The bad news is that we still don't know if it will work, or if he will take more and better steps later.

Lunatic Pastors fear Obama is antichrist/Hitler

The Video speaks for itself:

Rachel Maddow Slams Jindal

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Jindal does his best "Ronald Reagan"

Bobby Jindal is foolish.

That is the nicest way I can say it.

In response to Obama's Presidential address Gov. Jindal said the following:



Governor that is simply a standard G.O.P variation on the Reagan Mantra: "government is not the solution, government is the problem."

Oh Really Bobby?!

Do you, Governor, honestly believe that the best way to create jobs is through income tax breaks? Do you honestly believe that the credit, housing, and banking crisis was brought on by too much government regulation?!

Look Bob, tax breaks will not create jobs nor encourage spending. Given the depth of this present recession the federal government is the only entity left wit the power to dish out the funds needed to create jobs.

My dear Mr. Jindal, the deregulation of the Bush and Clinton presidencies got us in this mess. Tax breaks - Bush's central economic "plan" - did nothing to stop us from getting into our dire situation, how then will they lift us out of it?

I understand you plan to refuse stimulus money. That is rather odd, since as governor you have quite a large say about how that money is spent.

Wake up Governor! Milton Friedman had departed from us; it is time his economic philosophy departed with from us as well.

Your tired rhetoric about keeping the government out of our affairs and helping ourselves out of this mess is absurd. One can sometimes pull oneself up, but not if one is drowning. Sometimes you just can't make it without a helping hand.

Netanyahu the Obstructionist

I am very worried for a world in which Bejamin Netanyahu is back in power to weild his threat to peace and his contempt for justice. Just check out the BBC's profile of this man to learn how awful his return to power is for any peace prospect.

The following video shows Aljazeera's reaction to the bad news:

Two pages to promote.

Hello Everyone!

Not much to blog about today, it's my birthday (32 this year) and my fiance and I are getting ready to head out to dinner to celebrate.

But I thought I'd promote two other pages here today:

1. Mr. Bryan Wisotsky's blog Storybook Vacations

Bryan's blog is quite good, both on travel and politics. I've guest blogged there myself. Bryan will soon guest blog here in return.

2. Huliq News, a citizen online news source. This is particularly important as it is imperative that we bypass the corporate funded media and look at the insight and the dissent of ordinary citizens. I also write news stories for this page, so naturally I'm prone to advertise it.

Both these web pages have links in my sections "blogroll" and "useful links" respectively. These along with many other pages linked there are rather good sources of information.

More on "My Name is Rachel Corrie."

The Marquette Tribune has given a very positive and well articulated review of Ms. Jennifer Shine's Senior capstone Play "My Name Is Rachel Corrie."

As I mentioned in a previous post, I found the play extremely moving and informative. And Ms. Shine's performance was splendid!

In the same issue, there is an article about studies claiming business students cheat more frequently than other students

If that is true think of the ramfications this has for our pro-big business, deregulated markets social set up!!

Fact and Fiction in the Stimulus Bill

Much has been claimed about what the stimulus will or will not do. Factcheck.org has a very good article for helping get past all the political bluster and looking at the facts of the matter:

http://www.factcheck.org/politics/stimulus_bill_bravado.html

Among the main points are the following:

"Obama repeatedly said the plan "will save or create up to 4 million jobs." Obama downgraded that estimate to 3.5 million once the House and Senate agreed on a less-expensive compromise bill. The projections come from at least three economists, but all say there is great uncertainty in their estimates.

Republican House members claimed their substitute legislation tops that, creating "6.2 million jobs." But their calculation is even more fraught with uncertainty and is not backed up by independent economists.

Obama said the bill doesn't contain "a single earmark." But whether one calls them "earmarks" or not, the Senate certainly added items that will benefit particular states. For example: $50 million for programs under the California-Bay Delta Act and $500 million for National Institutes of Health facilities in Bethesda, Md.

Obama claims that funds in the bill will result in "every American" having health records computerized "within five years." But experts doubt it can be done that quickly.

The president also says electronic health records will save billions of dollars. But the Congressional Budget Office says that even a decade of expected savings are unlikely to pay back the government what the government will spend on health IT

The president said the bill will modernize the nation's electricity grid, reducing consumption by 2 percent to 4 percent. That's optimistic. Industry reports say that a new grid could reduce energy consumption by up to 4 percent, but not until 2030 and at a cost much greater than the stimulus bill would cover." (factcheck.org)

Recovery.gov Launched.

How will the stimulus be spent? Well Recovery.gov is now up and running - it even includes graphs!

This is part of the Obama "transparency" pledge. Check it out and follow how the stimulus is being put into play.

My Name is Rachel Corrie: Marquette Performance

Last night I attended a one woman play at Marquette. The Play, My Name is Rachel Corrie was the senior capstone of Marquette actress Jennifer Shine.

Rachel Corrie was a peace activist killed by an Israeli Bulldozer in Gaza in 2003. At the time Ms. Corrie was attempting to stand between the Bulldozer and a Palestinian home that was being torn down to pave the way for Israeli settlers.

Ms. Shine gave a remarkable performance as Rachel. As one audience member remarked "you made me think you were Rachel." No higher praise can be given an actor than that and Ms. Shine truly did accomplish this feat. Her performance was passionate and moving, she brought tears to the eyes of many in the audience last night.

I found the play important for several reasons. First, the play communicates Rachel Corries' passion for a better world. But more than that, the dialog - consisting entirely of the actual words of Ms. Corrie from journals and emails - shows us a young woman who is inherently positive and believes in her fellow humans, but whose faith and hope is severely challenged by the tragedy of the Palestinian people.

Second, by communicating the plight of the Palestinians through the eyes of an outsider, we learn a great deal about the suffering they endure.

Truly memorable are Rachel's words about the people of Gaza. She describes the agony of numerous check points, the economic disaster, the bulldozing of homes and green houses, bullets whizzing by constantly, homes full of tank blasts, children pyschological damaged by their worn torn lives.

The horror of occupation is brought vividly to life in this play through the words of a woman of courage and passion.

Jennifer Shine told the audience in a Q and A session afterward that she plans to continue doing theatre for the purpose of social justice.

Let us hope so. She's a gifted actress. The arts can communicate much to us and often transform us as well.

In this case an inspiring young woman who lost her life fighting for a better world spoke to us and challenged us. Let us hope we all learned something.

At the play Peace Action Wisconsin set up a table to convey accurate information on the conflict between Israel and Palestine. Check out their web page, as they are very informative.

What Obama's Stimulus got right

In this clip the benefits of the Stimulus are expalined:

Fear of Female sexuality

Elizabeth Wong, Malaysian politician, has offered to resign in light of the fact that nude pictures of her in bed taken by an ex- boyfriend have surfaced.

Ms. Wong has long taken political heat in Malaysia because she is 37 and single.

This is another case of male fear of female sexuality and female Independence. This tends to be a pretty standard feature of human culture: female sexuality is seen as something that needs to be controlled and ordered, don't dare let it get out of hand!

Sad that there is still so much of this fear and need to control in the world. We are in the 21st century now, it would be nice to see a deeper appreciation of female independence and sexual expression.

The BBC has the story in more detail. And the following video explains the events:

What is in that Stimulus?

In the following clip Paul Krugman explains to Keith Olbermann what the Stimulus will do, and why he thinks it is far too small.

Visit msnbc.com for Breaking News, World News, and News about the Economy

At long last is health care reform upon us?

Despite the fact that the stimulus does not do enough for Health care reform, some much needed reform is included. In particular the bill calls for changing health care records to electronic form by 2011, saving a great deal of money and time, as well as creating IT jobs.

The San Francisco Chronicle has a good account of what the stimulus includes with regard to health care reform.

The GOP and conservative pundits like Rush Limbaugh are appalled by the health care provisions in the stimulus. They claim that the democrats are using the stimulus to introduce federal government control of health care -- which they see as a great horror.

What these objectors are so worried about is the creation of a 15 person government committee that will oversee and evaluate data on what treatments are effective or not. The N. Y. Times has a piece explaining this committee, and it appears that the opponents of this committee are making much ado about nothing.

However, the state of Minnesota has passed a bill that will create a single-payer system in the state. I reported on this for Huliq News the other day.

Single-payer health care is greatly feared by many in the united states. They fear it will be inefficient and will give the federal government far too much power over our autonomy and health. But it has been forcefully defended by many, including Noble Prize winning economist Paul Krugman. And Single payer systems are hailed as quite successful in countries like France, England and Canada.

It may well be that health care reform is finally here. Let us hope that it is. Our system as it stands is broken. Health care is the leading cause of bankruptcy in our country, we spend 16% of our GDP on health care costs, and still 47 million Americans remain uninsured.

I hope that the provisions included in the stimulus and the bill in Minnesota are the beginning of much needed and long overdue real reform!

Reclaiming Valentine's Day

For many years I had thought that Valentine's Day was nothing more than a bogus holiday dreamed up by corporate interests to sell greeting cards, candy and flowers.

Obviously there was truth in that assumption. That is very largely what Valentine's day is in our commercialized culture. But - and I freely concede that being happily engaged to a wonderful woman has affected me here - I've come to see meaning and purpose in this holiday.

If we step back and think of this day as a day to set aside for the celebration of love, we shall see that it is well worth the observing. And I mean ALL LOVE. We love our family and friends, our lovers, and to some degree - when we are at our best - all of our fellow human beings. Having a day to recognize this love is important.

Love is what is best about human beings. Yes, I know that we are also full of hypocrisy, hate, greed, and foolishness. And for this very reason it is all the more important that love be remembered, that love have the final say in our lives.

There are various legends and tales about a supposed St. Valentine. These tales come out of the later middle ages and the 19th century, and have nothing to do with any possible "Historical Valentine." Common to all the tales is the idea that either Valentine himself, or young people whom he as a priest married, were forbidden to love and wed by the forces of tyranny, oppression and empire. Valentine defies these powers and their laws, celebrating and sanctifying love. For his courage, Valentine is martyred.

The message in the tales of St. Valentine is that love liberates us. By loving each other we discover ourselves, and only then. This, in the legends of Valentine is why love is forbidden and why Valentine is proclaimed a hero for championing love against the power of empire.

Romantic love in particular is celebrated on this day. I used to hold that this was nothing more than a bias on our part. Privileging one kind of love over the others. Well, we do in fact misconceive and over sentimentalize romantic love (just as we do childhood). Nevertheless, romantic love unites two people like nothing else can.

Romantic love burns down the walls that separate us and compels us to grow, mature, and change in ways we never thought possible and never knew we could.

So let us celebrate love today, let us celebrate each other. We need not buy chocolate or flowers, but we need to remember the value of love.

HAPPY VALENTINE'S DAY!

There's a new homerun champion of the world . . . and it's Henry Aaron!

Huliq News is reporting that the major league baseball all time homerun record might be be officially restored to Hank Aaron, as Bonds' steroid use makes his homeruns illegitimate. MLB Commissioner Bud Selig is even now considering such a move.

As Selig is from Milwaukee and a personal friend of Aaron's we have good reason to think the move is likely. Not that personal reasons should affect his decision. What matters is the integrity and moral fiber of the game.

I hope commissioner bud Selig returns the record to Aaron. Integrity, honesty, and fair play matter. This is why Hank Aaron is a hero, and Bonds a mere disgrace.

Here's to the Hammer!

February 12th: 200 years later and 100 years later

On this date, February 12th, in 1809 both Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin were Born.

Interestingly, Lincoln freed the slaves and Darwin was a fervent abolitionist. The world is different because of these men.

There are those who do not hold either man in esteem. Many Biblical Literalists see Darwin as little better than an agent of deception and perhaps even the devil's stooge. And there are those who think "Honest Abe" had no genuine interest in freeing the slaves.

I do not share the views of these critics. In place of scepticism and scorn I suggest that we take some time today and reflect on their lives and influences. What both men have done to better our world and further our knowledge.

Here are some good places to start:

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/12/opinion/12thu4.html?partner=permalink&
exprod=permalink

http://www.sltrib.com/ci_11679532

http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/brad_hirschfield/2009/02/lincoln_darwin_and_gay_marriag.html

It is also important to note that today is also the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the N.A.A.C.P, which was founded quite intentionally on Lincoln's 100th birthday.

Salma Hayek Breastfeeds another woman's baby!

ABC news reports that actress Salma Hayek breast fed another woman's child in Sierra Leon.

Apparently Hayek was told that children in Sierra Leon frequently die from malnutrition, partly because women stop breastfeeding too soon due to pressure on them from their husbands:

http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=6854285&page=1

The following video explains the whole episode.

This story brings up a ton of moral issues. Most obviously the sexism and patriarchy of men in Sierra Leon, but also the question of whether it is appropriate for a woman to breastfeed another's child.


It seems to me that Ms. Hayek was acting out of compassion and trying to set an example to inspire the women to resist pressure to not breast feed. In fact I admire Salma Hayek for doing it. I think she was making a powerful statement. She was empowering women, and fighting - symbolocially - agaist the patriarchal culture that stops breast feeding early there.

But the topic is worth much discussion.

Geithner's Bank Bailout

As most of us are aware Timothy Geithner has announced his plan to save the banks:

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/11/business/economy/11bailout.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink

What we have is essentially a bailout of larger proportions than what has already come. It looks like there will be more accountability, although Geithner's plan is still far from clear. Indeed the lack of clarity is the main criticism against him.

Some folks are defending the plan:

http://seekingalpha.com/article/119903-in-defense-of-tim-geithner

I'm not, however, sure what to make of this plan. I get the idea behind it. Businesses need money to hire, consumers need money to spend, and the banks are not lending, give them money force them to lend and get the economy moving again.

This essentially means that our new administration has a two-pronged approach to the economy. Pump money into job creation and pour money into banks to get credit working again.

There are reason why both these approaches might fail. But let's look more deeply. What if they succeed? What will be accomplished? If we get credit flowing,we will have the same problem that caused this crisis: we will have people unable to pay back their credits and banks then losing money. In short, we will have the same problems in the future. All we are doing is postponing economic doom.

The stimulus is a better idea, but currently I fear it is too watered down, too much of the needed stimulus amount has been removed.

But no matter. Suppose that the stimulus does boost the economy, suppose we get credit flowing again. Is this a permanent fix? Or are we merely temporarily stopping the bleeding without healing the wound?

These are pretty standard old hat washington insider policies. But then agan, Obama loaded his cabinet with Washington insiders, so we really can't expect new ideas.

What should we make of the Stimulus?

This week's issue of Milwaukee's Shepard Express has a very fine article in favor of the stimulus:

http://www.expressmilwaukee.com/article-5394-clearing-up-myths-about-the-stimulus-package.html

It argues for the basic liberal position on this stimulus and attempts to refute various conservative/Republican objections to it. The real advantage of the article is its refutation of various misconceptions ("myths") about the stimulus package. A fine read.

The issue is more complicated than most of us would Like to admit. I had a good conversation on this matter with my friend Nate last night on this matter.

Nate, arguing on Distrubitivist grounds, opposed the stimulus saying that it is merely an attempt to preserve a fundamentally unjust system in which a few elites control the wealth and the means of production and reduce the rest of us to wage slavery.

The system, Nate argued, is fundamentally unjust and must be left to fall.

I agree that the system is unjust. The few make obscene profits and control the rest of us by molding us into their wage laborers and consumers. But I don't think letting the system fall will change things, I suspect it will make it worse and plunge us deeper into a robber baron nightmare.

We do need to change our system radically - In particular I would like to see far FAR more support for small/local businesses - , but in the meantime, we must put people to work. Tax cuts will accomplish little if nothing, spending will create jobs.

By all means let us continue to oppose the system and campaign for change, but let's also stop the current bleeding.

Update: Whitehouse video reappears

The video that vanished last night has reappeared. I can't be sure, because the former video vanished, but I think it is slightly modified to appear more guarded.

Here is the version now up there:

Whitehouse.gove pulls video response to Stimulus agreement!

This is odd. I just tried to watch a video on Whitehouse.gov and it would not load. Then, a few moments later, the entire post and video were gone!

Does this mean the stimulus will not pass after all?!

Or was the response merely deemed - inappropriate?

In any case it was odd. A full message with video from Obama, and it was totally erased without trace!

Stimulus and Econcomic Advisory Board

President Obama has aggressively argued for his proposed 900 billion dollar stimulus. Even writing an op-ed piece in the Washington post:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/04/AR2009020403174.html?referrer=facebook

I have become more in support of the stimulus lately. The following reasoning makes me support it: 1) do nothing and nothing will change, we shall stay in this disaster. 2) tax cuts will do nothing but give people a little more money not to spend, and no spending leaves the economy as it is. 3) Funding things like education, health care, green jobs, and infrastructure creates jobs, employs people, and therefore puts consumer dollars back into the market.

Noted economist Paul Krugman wrote an op-ed for the N.Y. Times this morning stating the case for Stimulus (he thinks we need one at least twice as big as Obama proposes!):

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/opinion/06krugman.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink

The President will be speaking to us on prime-time television on Monday to pitch the package.

Meanwhile the battle rages in the senate. The republicans oppose any stimulus at pretty much all costs, so we will see what a final bill looks like.

But we must recognize that the economy is a disaster and simply cutting taxes will do nothing. Obama, knowing this, has picked an economic advisory board supposedly to get advice from people who are not Washington insiders. I don't know enough about this board to evaluate them yet. But here is the video of Obama announcing the team:



The members of the board are listed as follows at http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog_post/beyond_the_echo_chamber/

"The President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board

Chairman
Paul Volcker

Staff Director and Chief Economist
Austan Goolsbee

Members
William H. Donaldson, Chairman, SEC (2003-2005)

Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., President & CEO, TIAA-CREF

Robert Wolf, Chairman & CEO, UBS Group Americas

David F. Swensen, CIO, Yale University

Mark T. Gallogly, Founder & Managing Partner, Centerbridge Partners L.P.

Penny Pritzker, Chairman & Founder, Pritzker Realty Group

Jeffrey R. Immelt, CEO, GE

John Doerr, Partner, Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers

Jim Owens, Chairman and CEO, Caterpillar Inc.

Monica C. Lozano, Publisher & Chief Executive Officer, La Opinion

Charles E. Phillips, Jr., President, Oracle Corporation

Anna Burger, Chair, Change to Win

Richard L. Trumka, Secretary-Treasurer, AFL-CIO

Laura D'Andrea Tyson, Dean, Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley

Martin Feldstein, George F. Baker Professor of Economics, Harvard University"

Happy Birthday Hank Aaron!

Hank Aaron turns 75 today. As far as I'm concerned he is still the home run champion. So to the real home run king: HAPPY 75TH!!!!

Vatican Does the Right thing

To follow up yesterday's post, it is good to learn that the Vatican has now demanded one of the Bishops recant for denying the holocaust.

This deplorable bishop will not be re-admitted unless he does.

I am glad to hear this!

Had the Vatican simply admitted this bishop, the catholic church's reputation would have been seriously harmed and Jewish people would have been slandered.

Glad to know that the Vatican has chosen the right path.

Watch the Video here for more details:

The Pope's poor judgment: Say it ain't so Joe!

I've not addressed this yet, but it seems to me I ought to make some comment. Let's make the problem really clear: The Pope has lifted an excommunication on at least two holocaust deniers.

Now I do not think that Benedict is himself a denier of the holocaust. And I doubt that he is an anti-semite. But he has clearly exercised both poor judgment and a callous disregard for the sensibilities and dignity of Jewish people.

The Holocaust - this does not even need saying - is one of the worst horrors in history. Few events were as evil, as great a violation of human dignity and rights. The Holocaust of the Armenians in Turkey is the only event like it in the last few centuries.

And there are still people alive who went through this horror!

To top this all off, the pope is German and was a Hitler youth!!! Let me clarify, I don't think Benedict was or is a Nazi or has any sympathy for such evil. But think of the image: a German pope receiving holocaust deniers back into his fold!!!!!!!!!

The German press, leadership, and even Chancellor Merkel have expressed profound outrage:

http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE5124E320090203

Come on Benedict!! Start thinking about how what you do will affect other people! Show some discernment and clear thinking!!!!

John Conyers calls for prosecuting Bush Administration

John Conyers has written an Article at the Huffington Post calling for a complete investigation into the crimes and misdeeds of high officials in the Bush Administration.

Read the Article at HuffingtonPost

Conyers makes all the right points in this piece here and states the case perfectly. We must be responsible for restoring our image and bringing justice back to Washington.

The matter seems to me pretty straightforward. Bush, Cheney, Rumsfield, and many others in the administration are criminals of war.

They invaded a country on "cooked" intelligence, fired U. S. attorneys on solely partisan grounds, outed Valerie Plame, tortured people, violated the constitution with wiretapping, and don't forget the travesty of Gitmo.

This administration's crimes against our nation, our constitution, international law, and humanity itself are truly a blot on our country. We must Prosecute those responsible.

Moving on does not mean letting guilty people walk off free.

Black History Month

Today is the start of Black History Month. I've always been unsure how to honor this month. Typically I watch a couple films dealing with the struggles of African-Americans, and read a book or two by a great African-American Author.

This year I will focus on Jackie Robinson, and Barack Obama. Since both represent very historic "firsts," and Obama of course is a brand new first, I thought I should look there.

But I'm unsure. How is a white American to honor his month? How am I to properly respect and appreciate the history of African-Americans. What is the appropriate response?

That we must recognize and honor black history month, goes without saying. But we must do so appropriately, and properly.

This is an issue I shall have to reflect on. Any suggestions?

A final thought. Some express outrage at the fact that Black History Month takes place during the shortest month of the year. It might seem that African-Americans are somehow being snubbed by that.

But a little history clears up that misconception. Originally February was chosen because during the second week of February both Abraham Lincoln - who freed the slaves -, and Frederick Douglass - the great abolitionist and philosopher - were born.